The Bible is the most translated book in the world, with full translations available in over 600 languages. But even in English alone, there are dozens of different Bible translations. So why are there so many versions, and how do you know which is the best translation to use?
There are a few key reasons why we have so many English Bible translations:
1. Language Changes Over Time
One major reason is that language continually changes and evolves over time. The Bible was originally written thousands of years ago in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. But English has changed dramatically over the centuries. This means older English translations eventually start to sound outdated and difficult to understand for modern readers. New translations are needed to update the language and vocabulary to match the way English is currently used.
For example, the King James Version was translated in 1611. At that time, English was quite different than it is today. Words like “thee”, “thou”, and “spake” were common in the 17th century but sound archaic now. Thus more modern versions like the English Standard Version or New International Version were needed to update the language for contemporary readers while still faithfully translating the original meaning.
2. Different Translation Philosophies
Another reason for multiple English Bible versions is that translators follow different philosophies or approaches to translation. Some translations aim to be as literal as possible, translating word-for-word from the original languages. These formal equivalence translations include versions like the King James Version and English Standard Version.
Other translations instead focus on capturing the meaning or message of the original text, even if that requires using more informal or idiomatic language. These dynamic equivalence or functional equivalence translations include the New International Version, New Living Translation, and others.
Neither approach is necessarily right or wrong, but they do produce different styles of translation. Some prefer the precision of formal equivalence while others appreciate the readability of meaning-based translations. Having both philosophies available in multiple versions gives readers choices between different translation styles.
3. Manuscript Differences
There are also some variations in the original manuscript copies used as the basis for translation. The King James Version was based on a limited collection of Greek manuscripts available in 1611. But since then, many more ancient Greek and Hebrew manuscripts have been discovered, allowing scholars to produce more accurate translations.
Most modern translations take into account much more extensive manuscript evidence. But a few translations like the New King James Version still largely follow the same manuscript tradition as the original King James. This mixture of manuscript bases is another contributor to having multiple English Bible versions available.
4. Targeting Different Audiences
Finally, Bible publishers also create different translations targeting specific audiences. Translators make choices in terms of vocabulary, sentence structure, and reading level as they consider the intended audience.
Some versions use simpler English words and grammar to be more accessible for children (The International Children’s Bible) or for people learning English as a second language (New Life Version). Others target young adults (New Living Translation) or prefer a more academic vocabulary (English Standard Version). Choosing a Bible version that matches the reading level of the intended audience makes God’s Word more understandable.
Having many translations also allows study Bibles, journaling Bibles, and other specialized editions to be published based on various popular English versions. Different groups, whether defined by age, education, language ability, or other factors, can all have access to the Bible in a translation tailored for their needs.
The Best Bible Translation
With all these translations available, how do you choose? Is there one English version that is the best translation or most accurate?
The truth is, there is no single “best” translation that is right for everyone. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses. The “best” Bible depends on your specific situation and needs.
Here are a few tips for selecting a good translation:
1. Consider Your Purpose
First, think about why you want to read or study the Bible. Are you looking to do in-depth study and research? Then a more literal formal equivalence translation like the English Standard Version would be a helpful choice. The precision of formal equivalence makes it easier to do close analysis of vocabulary and phrasing.
If instead you want to casually read the Bible for personal growth and inspiration, a meaning-based translation like the New Living Translation or New International Version is probably a better fit. The fluid readability of these versions makes absorbing the overall message more natural.
2. Choose a Recent Translation
In general, more recent translations are better since they reflect updated scholarship on the original language texts and manuscripts. While the King James Version and New King James Version have historical significance, most Bible scholars recommend using more modern versions when possible.
Exceptions would be if you specifically want to compare a new translation to older ones like the KJV, or if you enjoy the poetic language of the older version. Otherwise, choosing a translation published in the last 20-30 years is wise.
3. Find a Balance You Like
Consider your preferences in terms of word-for-word vs. thought-for-thought translation philosophy. Do you want something in the middle with a balance, or a version that leans more extremely toward formal or dynamic equivalence? Reading samples of different Bibles can help you get a feel for each one.
For example, if you find versions like The Message to be too informal or interpretive, an intermediate translation like the Christian Standard Bible or the New American Standard Bible may be a better match. Your language preferences are an important factor.
4. Ask Your Church
See which translations your church and pastor recommend and use. Using the same version can help you easily follow along and understand sermons or Bible studies. There is no right choice overall, but conforming to what your faith community uses is often helpful.
5. Get Multiple Opinions
Consult reviews, talk to knowledgeable Christians, and research what Bible scholars advise. Quality translations will be widely respected, so seeing what experts and everyday Bible readers use can give you guidance. Getting broad input from others helps avoid biased perspectives.
6. Try Reading Samples
A helpful way to decide is to directly compare multiple translations. Carefully read the same passage in different versions to get a sense of the language and tone of each. Seeing excerpts firsthand can clarify which translation connects best with your reading preference and comprehension ability.
7. Consider Audio Bibles
For those who struggle to read, having an audio version of the Bible available is extremely helpful. Listen to samples from audio Bibles like YouVersion or Faith Comes by Hearing to determine if a particular translation is easily understandable when heard rather than read.
8. Select a Study Bible
Using a study Bible edition can provide helpful explanatory notes and background information to aid your understanding. Study Bibles are available based on the NIV, ESV, CSB, and many other popular translations. Choosing a translation that offers a good study Bible option can be beneficial.
Widely Used English Translations
While personal preference should guide your selection, it can be helpful to know which English Bible versions are most widely used among Christians. The most popular and trusted translations include:
- King James Version (KJV) – Known for its eloquent language and poetic cadence. But the archaic 17th century English can be difficult for modern readers. Mostly used today for tradition, literary quality, or personal preference.
- New King James Version (NKJV) – Modernizes the language of the KJV while keeping the same manuscript tradition and classic phrasing. A good choice for those who like the KJV but find it hard to understand.
- New International Version (NIV) – Very popular modern translation that balances readability and accuracy. Uses a meaning-based (dynamic equivalence) approach with smooth, conversational English.
- English Standard Version (ESV) – Growing in popularity for its faithfulness to the original languages. Strives for word-for-word precision with understandable modern English.
- Christian Standard Bible (CSB) – A newer translation from Holman Bible Publishers. Accurate and readable, influenced by translators of the HCSB and older NASB.
- New Living Translation (NLT) – Uses dynamic equivalence for natural readability at a basic English level. Helpful for new believers, children, and second language learners.
While these are among the most common and accepted, many other excellent English translations are available, including good options for Catholics like the New American Bible Revised Edition (NABRE).
Bible Translation Controversies
Despite the availability of solid modern English Bible versions, controversies still exist about certain translations. There are two key controversies worth noting:
1. Gender-Neutral Language
Some recent translations like the NIV and NRSV have utilized gender-inclusive or gender-neutral language. The goal is to avoid generically using masculine terms like “man”, “mankind”, “brothers”, etc. where the original meaning likely included both men and women.
Critics argue this obscures the masculine words used in the original languages. Defenders respond that English has changed and using inclusive terms allows accuracy to modern audiences. This issue continues to stir debate.
2. Critical Text vs. Majority Text
Most translations rely on an eclectic critical text, like the Nestle-Aland/UBS text, that compiles readings from the oldest manuscripts. But others, like the NKJV and KJV, utilize the majority text favored by most Byzantine manuscripts. Complex arguments exist on both sides regarding which method is preferable.
This affects a small minority of passages but can impact specific verses. Each approach has its merits when done properly. But text-critical factors remain controversial.
The Key is Finding What Works for You
With all the different Bible translations available today in English, choosing the right one may seem complicated. The key is finding a version that makes reading and understanding God’s Word enjoyable for you personally. Let your own reading style and comprehension needs guide your selection.
Talk to mature believers, try out different translations, and prayerfully consider what version connects you best with Scripture. God can speak through any accurate translation, so focus on finding one that engages your mind and spirit. The right Bible is the one you will eagerly read, understand, and apply.
Though specific translations have strengths and weaknesses, the Word of God remains powerful and effective in every form it takes. As Hebrews 4:12 (NIV) says:
“For the word of God is alive and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart.”
